yt-dlp 使用向说明

需要在油管上下载一些视频，并且最好能够带有字幕，yt-dlp工具刚好就能满足我的需求。主要介绍安装以及一些基础的使用。其实 BiliBili 的视频也可以用该软件下载，替换成不同的链接即可。

安装

yt-dlp GitHub: https://github.com/yt-dlp/yt-dlp?tab=readme-ov-file#subtitle-options

在仓库首页 INSTALLATION 提供了不同平台的安装方式，如下所示。

对于 Windows，点击第一个蓝色按钮，下载.exe文件，并且将其放入在任意一个系统路径的文件夹中就行。

安装成功的话，进入cmd窗口，输入yt-dlp --version显示如下：

油管下载视频测试

以 OpenAI 的 A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance 视频为例： https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahnGLM-RC1Y&ab_channel=OpenAI

基础操作：yt-dlp "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahnGLM-RC1Y&ab_channel=OpenAI"

可以看到这样就能够直接下载视频了，但是也发现了这样太过于简单，甚至不能指定分辨率等。

进阶操作：

首先查看当前视频支持的所有类型 yt-dlp "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahnGLM-RC1Y&ab_channel=OpenAI" -F

可以看到该视频有很多支持的格式，其中部分是audio only，video only 以及没有特殊标识的即为audio+video文件。
下载合并的文件ID:22 yt-dlp "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahnGLM-RC1Y&ab_channel=OpenAI" --format 22

可以看到该文件即是之前下载的文件。
下载audio only文件ID:251 & video only文件ID:616

往往更高分辨率的视频和音频是分开成两个文件的，于是我们下载两个文件，以期望或等更高的分辨率。

yt-dlp "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahnGLM-RC1Y&ab_channel=OpenAI" --format 251,616

可以看到现在下载的两个文件audio only & video only，使用ffmpeg能够方便的将这两个文件进行合并。 ffmpeg -i [path to video] -i [path to audio] -c:v copy -c:a aac output.mp4

在这里命令为：

ffmpeg -i "A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance [ahnGLM-RC1Y].mp4" -i "A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance [ahnGLM-RC1Y].webm" -c:v copy -c:a aac output.mp4

最后生成的output.mp4就是合并后的文件了。
下载字幕油管上的字幕也是一个十分好的功能，尽管是机翻的。查看当前视频支持的字幕语言yt-dlp "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahnGLM-RC1Y&ab_channel=OpenAI" --list-subs

可以看到有许多的字幕文件，现在我们需要下载简体中文的字幕，即红框处。

yt-dlp "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ahnGLM-RC1Y&ab_channel=OpenAI" --write-auto-subs --sub-langs "zh-Hans"

这便是所有的下载文件了，我播放器使用的是PotPlayer能够非常方便的加入字幕文件，整个使用介绍就差不多over了🫠。

视频下载参数

在这里，我主要列出一些个人觉得比较常用的参数，完整的参数列表可以查看yt-dlp GitHub 仓库参数。

命令格式：yt-dlp [OPTIONS] [--] URL [URL...]

General Options:


-h, --help                      Print this help text and exit
--version                       Print program version and exit
-U, --update                    Update this program to the latest version
--no-update                     Do not check for updates (default)
--update-to [CHANNEL]@[TAG]     Upgrade/downgrade to a specific version.
                                CHANNEL can be a repository as well. CHANNEL
                                and TAG default to "stable" and "latest"
                                respectively if omitted; See "UPDATE" for
                                details. Supported channels: stable,
                                nightly, master
-i, --ignore-errors             Ignore download and postprocessing errors.
                                The download will be considered successful
                                even if the postprocessing fails
--no-abort-on-error             Continue with next video on download errors;
                                e.g. to skip unavailable videos in a
                                playlist (default)
--abort-on-error                Abort downloading of further videos if an
                                error occurs (Alias: --no-ignore-errors)
--dump-user-agent               Display the current user-agent and exit
--list-extractors               List all supported extractors and exit
--extractor-descriptions        Output descriptions of all supported
                                extractors and exit
--use-extractors NAMES          Extractor names to use separated by commas.
                                You can also use regexes, "all", "default"
                                and "end" (end URL matching); e.g. --ies
                                "holodex.*,end,youtube". Prefix the name
                                with a "-" to exclude it, e.g. --ies
                                default,-generic. Use --list-extractors for
                                a list of extractor names. (Alias: --ies)
--default-search PREFIX         Use this prefix for unqualified URLs. E.g.
                                "gvsearch2:python" downloads two videos from
                                google videos for the search term "python".
                                Use the value "auto" to let yt-dlp guess
                                ("auto_warning" to emit a warning when
                                guessing). "error" just throws an error. The
                                default value "fixup_error" repairs broken
                                URLs, but emits an error if this is not
                                possible instead of searching
--ignore-config                 Don't load any more configuration files
                                except those given by --config-locations.
                                For backward compatibility, if this option
                                is found inside the system configuration
                                file, the user configuration is not loaded.
                                (Alias: --no-config)
--no-config-locations           Do not load any custom configuration files
                                (default). When given inside a configuration
                                file, ignore all previous --config-locations
                                defined in the current file
--config-locations PATH         Location of the main configuration file;
                                either the path to the config or its
                                containing directory ("-" for stdin). Can be
                                used multiple times and inside other
                                configuration files
--flat-playlist                 Do not extract the videos of a playlist,
                                only list them
--no-flat-playlist              Fully extract the videos of a playlist
                                (default)
--live-from-start               Download livestreams from the start.
                                Currently only supported for YouTube
                                (Experimental)
--no-live-from-start            Download livestreams from the current time
                                (default)
--wait-for-video MIN[-MAX]      Wait for scheduled streams to become
                                available. Pass the minimum number of
                                seconds (or range) to wait between retries
--no-wait-for-video             Do not wait for scheduled streams (default)
--mark-watched                  Mark videos watched (even with --simulate)
--no-mark-watched               Do not mark videos watched (default)
--color [STREAM:]POLICY         Whether to emit color codes in output,
                                optionally prefixed by the STREAM (stdout or
                                stderr) to apply the setting to. Can be one
                                of "always", "auto" (default), "never", or
                                "no_color" (use non color terminal
                                sequences). Can be used multiple times
--compat-options OPTS           Options that can help keep compatibility
                                with youtube-dl or youtube-dlc
                                configurations by reverting some of the
                                changes made in yt-dlp. See "Differences in
                                default behavior" for details
--alias ALIASES OPTIONS         Create aliases for an option string. Unless
                                an alias starts with a dash "-", it is
                                prefixed with "--". Arguments are parsed
                                according to the Python string formatting
                                mini-language. E.g. --alias get-audio,-X
                                "-S=aext:{0},abr -x --audio-format {0}"
                                creates options "--get-audio" and "-X" that
                                takes an argument (ARG0) and expands to
                                "-S=aext:ARG0,abr -x --audio-format ARG0".
                                All defined aliases are listed in the --help
                                output. Alias options can trigger more
                                aliases; so be careful to avoid defining
                                recursive options. As a safety measure, each
                                alias may be triggered a maximum of 100
                                times. This option can be used multiple times

Video Format Options:


-f, --format FORMAT             Video format code, see "FORMAT SELECTION"
                                for more details
-S, --format-sort SORTORDER     Sort the formats by the fields given, see
                                "Sorting Formats" for more details
--format-sort-force             Force user specified sort order to have
                                precedence over all fields, see "Sorting
                                Formats" for more details (Alias: --S-force)
--no-format-sort-force          Some fields have precedence over the user
                                specified sort order (default)
--video-multistreams            Allow multiple video streams to be merged
                                into a single file
--no-video-multistreams         Only one video stream is downloaded for each
                                output file (default)
--audio-multistreams            Allow multiple audio streams to be merged
                                into a single file
--no-audio-multistreams         Only one audio stream is downloaded for each
                                output file (default)
--prefer-free-formats           Prefer video formats with free containers
                                over non-free ones of same quality. Use with
                                "-S ext" to strictly prefer free containers
                                irrespective of quality
--no-prefer-free-formats        Don't give any special preference to free
                                containers (default)
--check-formats                 Make sure formats are selected only from
                                those that are actually downloadable
--check-all-formats             Check all formats for whether they are
                                actually downloadable
--no-check-formats              Do not check that the formats are actually
                                downloadable
-F, --list-formats              List available formats of each video.
                                Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
--merge-output-format FORMAT    Containers that may be used when merging
                                formats, separated by "/", e.g. "mp4/mkv".
                                Ignored if no merge is required. (currently
                                supported: avi, flv, mkv, mov, mp4, webm)

Subtitle Options:


--write-subs                    Write subtitle file
--no-write-subs                 Do not write subtitle file (default)
--write-auto-subs               Write automatically generated subtitle file
                                (Alias: --write-automatic-subs)
--no-write-auto-subs            Do not write auto-generated subtitles
                                (default) (Alias: --no-write-automatic-subs)
--list-subs                     List available subtitles of each video.
                                Simulate unless --no-simulate is used
--sub-format FORMAT             Subtitle format; accepts formats preference,
                                e.g. "srt" or "ass/srt/best"
--sub-langs LANGS               Languages of the subtitles to download (can
                                be regex) or "all" separated by commas, e.g.
                                --sub-langs "en.*,ja". You can prefix the
                                language code with a "-" to exclude it from
                                the requested languages, e.g. --sub-langs
                                all,-live_chat. Use --list-subs for a list
                                of available language tags